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Purpose: To study the corelation between outer retinal layer thickness (ORL), outer photoreceptor segment thickness (PROS), and central macular thickness (CMT) with best?corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients having clinically significant macular edema (CSME) and compare these parameters with normal patients. Methods: This was a prospective, nonrandomized, observational, comparative study done during the period of January to May 2019. The study included 60 eyes of 36 patients. The patient population was segregated into two Groups: Group ? (30 normal eyes of 15 normal patients) and Group ?? (30 eyes of 21 diabetic patients) with CSME. The comparison between ORL, PROS, and CMT was made between both the groups, and the correlation between ORL thickness, PROS thickness, and CMT with BCVA in Group ?? was studied. Results: The mean age in Group I was 52.6+10.66 years, and 53.42+8.15 years in Group II. The male/ female ratio was 1.1:1 in Group I and 4:3 in Group II. The mean CMT was greater in Group ?? (330.13 ± 37.01) than in Group ? (222.20 ± 12.30). The mean ORL thickness was greater in Group ? (97.73 ± 6.92) than in Group ?? (80.63 ± 9.03). The PROS thickness was statistically significant in Group ? (35.05 ± 3.4) than in Group ?? (28.57 ± 3.53). There was a strong correlation between BCVA and ORL thickness (r = ?0.580, P < 0.001) and more strong correlation between BCVA and PROS thickness in Group ?? (r = ?0.611, P < 0.000). There was a moderate correlation between BCVA and CMT (r = 0.410, P < 0.025), and all results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Both ORL and PROS thickness were greater in healthy normal eyes than in eyes with CSME. BCVA was strongly correlated with PROS and ORL thickness and moderately associated with CMT.
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Purpose: To study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) viral seropositive among the patients posted for cataract surgery at a tertiary care center in north India. Methods: It was a cross?sectional study done for 30 months duration. All the patients posted for cataract surgery underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation followed by routine hematological workup, including viral markers for HIV, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and anti?HCV. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20). Results: A total of 7,316 individuals underwent cataract surgery from Jan 2016 to August 2018, 4,073/7,316 (55.7%) were males. The prevalence for HIV was 58/7,316 (0.8%), HBsAg was 151/7,316 (2.1%), and HCV was 11/7,316 (0.1%); 28/58 (48.3%) HIV positives were unaware of their seropositivity till testing, as were 37/151 (24.5%) of HBsAg positives, and 4/11 (36.4%) HCV positives. There was a significant relationship between the mean age in the patients with HIV (P = 0.002) and anti?HCV (P = 0.045). A majority of the seropositive patients were found to be illiterate (45.6%), followed by educated up to high school level (29.1%), and graduate (25.0%). Conclusion: Viral seropositivity was significant among the patients posted for cataract surgery. The eye care providers could refer these patients for counseling and further management for the patient’s and their caretaker’s benefit
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Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate increasing occurrence of pterygium in young individuals and to suggest methods for its prevention. Methods: This was a hospital based prospective observational study carried out for a period of one year. A total of 30 eyes of 25 patients were taken who were diagnosed to have pterygium on slit lamp examination. All patients were less than 20 years of age. Patients who presented with complaints of irritation, redness and mass in the eyes were included in our study. Patients with history of trauma and chemical injuries were excluded in this study. All selected patients underwent detailed ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp examination and fundus evaluation. The side, progression, position, autorefractometry and keratometry were noted in each and every patient. Results: A total of 30 eyes of 25 patients were included in our study among which 21 (84.0%) were males and rest 4 (16.0%) females. All of our patients belonged to age group 11-20 yrs. The complaint of pterygium was found more in patients who belonged to rural background (18, 72.0%). 5 (20.0%) patients had bilateral pterygium and rest 20 (80.0%) had complaint in only one eye. Majority of our patients had pterygium on nasal side (21, 84.0%), 3 of them on temporal side (12.0%) and one on both sides (4.0%). Majority of them had concern with cosmesis followed by diminution in vision and irritation in the eyes. Almost all of them (24, 96.0%) spent their time outdoors while work and play. Pterygium was graded as grade 1 when it just touched the limbus, grade 2 when pterygium was at half the distance between the limbus and pupillary margin, grade 3 when pterygium reached the pupillary margin and grade 4 when it crossed the visual axis to the other side. All of our patients had grade 1 and 2 pterygium. Conclusion: The prevalence of pterygium has been on a rise in these recent years in young individuals. Hence, adequate precautions like wearing protective glasses, hooded caps, brimmed hats etc. should be advised to young individuals in order to prevent them from pterygium. All of them should be educated for safety measures in order to prevent pterygium and hence to lead a good quality of life.
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Background: To evaluate the various factors associated with recurrence of Amblyopia. Methods:In this prospective observational study, 100 patient’s diagonised anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia. All patients were undergone squint workup and were treated with optical correction, occulusion therapy or penalization. Patients were divided three groups - group 1 age (4-7 year) , group 2 age(8-12 year), group 3 age(13-17 year) . Patients were followed upto 12 month and various factors assessed which could be responsible for amblyopia and compared between three group. Results:Recurrence of amblyopia was seen in 24% of patients which was more in group 1 & mixed amblyopia type (statically significant p < 0.05). Recurrence of amblyopia was found to be patients independent of binocular vision and mode of treatment. Recurrence and its relation with length and dose of occlusion therapy were significant those who were weaned off 6 hrs patching as compared 2 hrs patching. Recurrence of amblyopia was found to be more in those who improved five lines as compared to two lines with statistically significant p < 0.05. Recurrence was more in first 6 month as compared to last six month during follow up. Conclusion: Recurrence is more commonly seen between the ages of 4-7 yrs and those who with mixed amblyopia should be closely monitored during follow up. Occlusion therapy should be prescribed weaning off, it should not be abruptly stop. Since recurrence may occur even beyond 1 year hence, a longer follow up period would be advisable.
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Background: Since diabetes mellitus affects the all part of body including ocular structures so we planned a study to compare the central corneal thickness in diabetes mellitus patients with age and sex matched healthy controls in North Indian population. The aim of our study was to compare the central corneal thickness in diabetes mellitus patients with age and sex matched healthy controls in North Indian population. Methods: It was a prospective clinical study done at tertiary care centre on two hundred patients. Out of them 100 were diabetic and 100 were healthy subjects. The CCT measurement was done in enrolled patient using a non contact ultrasonic pachymeter probe gently placed in the mid pupillary axis of the cornea in undilated eye. All CCT and IOP recordings were done between 12- 2 pm keeping in mind the diurnal fluctuations. Data was analysed by SPSS Software version16. Results: CCT was higher in diabetics having duration > 10 years than those having duration < 10 years.Central corneal thickness values increased from patients with no diabetic retinopathy to those with proliferative retinopathy. Conclusion: The cornea of diabetics is significantly (P≤0.001) thicker than normal healthy subjects.